[填空题]
The bolts on the cylinder hea mi5r6a7 g,guh4r1rew d of an engine requk5b.+c1gmi8nrm /p y yire tightening to a torque of 38p.gmn cyy1m + 5kirb/8 $m \cdot N$ If a wrench is 28 cm long, what force perpendicular to the wrench must the mechanic exert at its end? N If the six-sided bolt head is 15 mm in diameter, estimate the force applied near each of the six points by a socket wrench (Fig. 8–41). N